00 Foundations基礎→
01 Property性質→
02 State狀態→
03 Laws定律→
04 Process過程→
05 Cycle循環
00 / Foundations基礎
Foundations基礎
Start here. Before the five-part journey, one chapter sets the vocabulary the whole course is built on — system, property, state, process, and cycle — along with the state postulate that ties properties to states.從這裡開始。在五段旅程之前，先以一章建立全課程賴以運作的詞彙——系統、性質、狀態、過程與循環——以及將性質與狀態連結起來的狀態假設。
01 / Property性質
Property性質
The building blocks. Properties are the measurable quantities that describe a substance — pressure, volume, temperature, and the internal energy, enthalpy, and entropy built from them.基礎構件。性質是描述物質的可量測量——壓力、體積、溫度，以及由此構建的內能、焓與熵。
Thermodynamic Properties: Fundamentals熱力學性質：基礎
Intensive vs extensive, and the definitions of mass, pressure, temperature, internal energy, enthalpy, and entropy.強度性質與廣延性質之別，以及質量、壓力、溫度、內能、焓與熵的定義。
Intensive/extensive labDefinitionsQuizzes
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Properties of Pure Substances純物質性質
The p–v–T surface and its p–v, T–v, and p–T projections; the saturation dome, critical and triple points; quality of a wet mixture.p–v–T 曲面及其 p–v、T–v、p–T 投影；飽和圓頂、臨界點與三相點；濕混合物的乾度。
p–v–T surfaceT–v dome labQuality / lever ruleQuizzes
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Reading Property Tables讀取性質表
Navigating steam, refrigerant, and ideal-gas tables; interpolation; quality; and gas constants.查閱蒸汽表、冷媒表與理想氣體表；插值法；乾度；氣體常數。
Interpolation trainerGas constantsPolls
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Thermodynamic Property Relations熱力學性質關係式
Maxwell relations, the Clapeyron equation, general Δu/Δh/Δs, and how property tables are actually built.麥克斯韋關係式、克拉佩龍方程式、真實氣體偏差，以及性質表的建構方式。
Maxwell explorer
Clausius–Clapeyron
Joule–Thomson
Quizzes
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02 / State狀態
State狀態
Two independent intensive properties define a thermodynamic state. Fix any two and every other property follows — that is the state postulate.兩個獨立的強度性質決定熱力學狀態。固定任意兩個，其他所有性質隨之確定——這就是狀態假設。
Equations of State狀態方程式
The ideal-gas law and where it breaks, the compressibility factor Z, corresponding states, and the cubic equations that repair it.理想氣體定律及其失效之處、壓縮因子 Z、對應狀態原理，以及加以修正的立方型方程式。
Z explorerEOS p–v plotterQuizzes
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Ideal-Gas Mixtures理想氣體混合物
Mole and mass analyses, apparent molecular weight, the Dalton model of partial pressures, and mixture U, H, S.莫爾與質量分析、視平均分子量、分壓的道耳頓模型，以及混合物的 U、H、S。
Dalton modelWorked exampleQuizzes
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03 / Laws定律
Laws定律
The governing principles. The first law accounts for energy in every transformation; the second law sets the direction change can take and gives us entropy as its measure.支配原理。第一定律計算每次轉換中的能量；第二定律確定變化的方向，並以熵作為其量度。
First Law: Closed Systems第一定律：封閉系統
Heat, work, and the conservation of energy for a fixed mass — the bookkeeping behind every balance.定質量系統的熱、功與能量守恆——每個平衡式背後的記帳法則。
p–V work explorerPolytropicQuizzes
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First Law: Control Volumes第一定律：控制體積
Conservation of mass and the steady- and unsteady-flow energy balance for open systems.開放系統的質量守恆與穩態、非穩態流動能量平衡——應用熱力學的核心工具。
Tank-filling labSFEEQuizzes
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Steady-Flow Devices穩態流動裝置
Nozzles, diffusers, pumps, compressors, turbines, throttles, mixers and heat exchangers: balances, applications and efficiencies.噴嘴、擴散器、泵、壓縮機、渦輪機、節流裝置、混合室與熱交換器：平衡式、應用與效率。
7 devicesTypical efficiencies
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The Second Law of Thermodynamics熱力學第二定律
Kelvin–Planck and Clausius statements, reversibility, and the Carnot limit on what any cycle can achieve.克耳文–蒲朗克與克勞修斯陳述、可逆性，以及任何循環所能達到的卡諾極限。
Carnot explorerClausius verdictQuizzes
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Entropy & Entropy Generation熵與熵產生
The property entropy, the increase-of-entropy principle, and how irreversibility shows up as generated entropy.性質熵、熵增原理，以及不可逆性如何以生成熵的形式呈現。
Isentropic-efficiency labT–sQuizzes
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04 / Process過程
Process過程
Two states are connected by a process — the path a system takes from one state to another.兩個狀態由過程連接——系統從一個狀態到另一個狀態所走的路徑。
Flow Devices & Isentropic Efficiency流動裝置與等熵效率
Nozzles, turbines, compressors, and pumps — ideal behavior and how real devices fall short of it.噴嘴、渦輪機、壓縮機與泵——理想行為及真實裝置的效率損失。
Device explorerEfficiency labQuizzes
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Exergy (Availability) Analysis火用（可用能）分析
Maximum useful work, the dead state, and where performance is really lost to irreversibility.最大有用功、死態，以及性能真正因不可逆性而損失之處。
Destruction labCarnot factorQuizzes
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Psychrometric Applications濕空氣應用
Moist air, the psychrometric chart, and the air-conditioning processes — heating, dehumidification, humidification, mixing.濕空氣、濕空氣線圖，以及空調過程——加熱、除濕、加濕與混合。
Psychrometric chartProcess simQuizzes
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Compressible & Sonic Flow可壓縮與音速流
Speed of sound, Mach number, converging–diverging nozzles, choking, and normal shocks.音速、馬赫數、收斂–擴散噴嘴、阻塞與正衝擊波。
Isentropic-flow explorerChokingQuizzes
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05 / Cycle循環
Cycle循環
At least two processes joined end-to-end form a cycle that returns to its starting state.至少兩個過程首尾相連形成循環，使系統回到初始狀態。
Gas Power Cycles氣體動力循環
Otto, Diesel, and Brayton cycles — the air-standard analyses behind engines and gas turbines.奧托、柴油與布雷頓循環——引擎與氣渦輪機背後的空氣標準分析。
p–v & T–s simOtto/Diesel/BraytonQuizzes
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Vapor Power Cycles蒸氣動力循環
The Rankine cycle, superheat, and steam power-plant performance — the simple cycle and how to improve it.朗肯循環、過熱與蒸氣電廠性能——基本循環及其改善方式。
Rankine T–s explorerSuperheatPolls
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Advanced Rankine Cycles進階朗肯循環
Reheat, regenerative feedwater heating, cogeneration, and the combined gas–vapor cycle — the modifications real plants use.再熱、再生給水加熱、汽電共生與複合氣-蒸汽循環——真實電廠所採用的改良方式。
Reheat & regen explorerExtraction fractionProblems
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Refrigeration & Heat Pumps製冷與熱泵
Vapor-compression cycles, coefficients of performance, and the reversed-cycle machines that move heat uphill.蒸氣壓縮循環、性能係數，以及將熱量向上傳遞的逆向循環機組。
COP explorerR-134a T–sQuizzes
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